Project 1_Analyze and design a steel building to 10T CRANE as per IS standard code using TEKLA STRUCTURAL DESIGNER.

Aim:

• To analyze and design a steel building to 10T CRANE as per IS standard code in TEKLA STRUCTURAL DESIGNER. Refer the attached plan and elevation. Provide bracings and moment connection for lateral stability. 
• To generated and extract drawings of structural plans from the software for each member by its report.

Given data:

• Consider dead, live, equipment and wind loading. Consider the brick wall loading for 150mm thick and 1.5 KN per sq m for wall and roof cladding.
• Assume wind loading basic speed as 39m/s

Introduction:

• Tekla Structural Designer is software that gives engineers the power to analyze and design buildings efficiently and profitably.

In this project the following steps are to be followed,

• Modelling the members
• Applying the loads like dead load, live load, wind load and seismic loads.
• Analyze the structure by its response and changing the member size accordingly.
• Designing a steel structure as per the code

Procedure:

• Open a new file in TSD.
• Save the new file as Project 1. Steel building.
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• Go to setting and do the check for design, code, loading, etc.
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• Go to Home ->Material to do material check.
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• Creating construction levels:
• Height above the roof beam level,
• Given roof angle is 18 degrees.
• Go to Model -> Construction levels and enter the levels as shown below.

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• Grid lines:
• Go to Model-> Grid line and draw vertical 16 grid lines with a spacing 0f 6m.
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• Similarly do the horizontal grids as per the drawings.
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• Create a construction line of 14m from grid B. Select Model -> Parallel(Quick)
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• Pedestal:
• Creating property:
• Go to Home -> Manage property set-> new -> member -> concrete column and select the property as shown below.
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• Modelling pedestal:
• Go to Model -> concrete column and select the below property in the property window.
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• Steel column:
• Creating property:
• Go to Home -> Manage property set-> new -> member -> Steel column and select the property as shown below.
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• Modeling:
• Go to Ground level
• Select Model -> Steel column.
• For Grid A and G,
• In the property window select SC1 and Base level at GF, Top level as RBL
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• For Grid B, follow the above procedure but select top level as IML1
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• For Construction line, follow the above procedure but select top level as IML2
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• Steel beam:
• Creating property for Main beam:
• Go to Home -> Manage property set-> new -> member -> Steel beam ->MB600 and select the property as shown below.
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• Creating property for Secondary beam:
• Go to Home -> Manage property set-> new -> member -> Steel beam ->MB500 and select the property as shown below.
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• Modelling beams:
• Go to Ground floor
• Select Model -> Steel column and connect all the columns with main beam as shown below
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• Create grid lines and construction lines for modeling secondary beam.
• Go to model -> steel beam and select Sec.SB1 and model it on construction line on stair area as shown below
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• Go to First floor and select primary beams and connect the columns
• Select the secondary beam in the property and model as shown below.
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• Repeat the same process for Roof beam level.
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• Creating Frames:
• Rafters are created in frame view.
• To create frames, IN 3D Structure go to model -> Frames and select all the grids.
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• Creating Rafter:
• Go to FRM 1, create a grid line in the mid span which is 38000/2 =19000mm
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• Create property for Rafter beam
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• Go to Model -> Steel beam and connect the columns.
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• Select the Rafter beams, Go to Edit-> Copy and pick the reference point and copy it to the other columns
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• Ridge beam:
• Create ridge beam as shown below connecting rafter on top.
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• And validate the model
• Bracing:
• Go to FRM G2D and select Model -> X Bracing
• Give bracing as shown below
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• Go to FRM A2D repeat the same procedure.
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• Validate the model.
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• Go to 3D Structure and select Model -> Brace
• Pick mid-point and draw a straight brace on the roof, which will be helpful to create X- Brace on the roof.
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• Repeat the process for remaining brace required area
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• Modeling roof panel:
• Go to 3D structure.
• Select Model -> Roof panel and select 5 corner points of the beam ends where roof panel needs to come as shown below.
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• Modeling Crane support- Cantilever beam:
• Go to Crane level
• Select the construction line-> parallel (Quick) and draw a line 1 m inside the Grid B and K.
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• Create a property for crane cantilever beam from manage property set
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• Select Model -> Beam and Crane support beam in the property
• Model a beam connect grid B and nearby construction line
• Same way with Grid K and nearby construction lines as shown below.
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• Converting it in to Cantilever beam:
• Double click the beam and go to release and select cantilever.
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• Repeat it for beams in crane level.
• Wall panel:
• Go to FRM G 2D.
• Select wall panel icon and draw panels picking 2 opposite points as shown below.
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• Go to FRM A 2D and follow the same procedure.
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• Same procedures for the sides as well.
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• Slab:
• Creating property for slab:
• Go to Home-> Manage property sets -> New-> Slabs-> General slab item and give the following property.
• One way slab:
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• 2 Way Slab:
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• Modeling slab:
• Go to Ground floor level.
• Select Model -> Slab on beams and select the appropriate slab as shown below
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• Go to First floor and model the slab.
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• Go to roof beam level and model the slab.
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• Validation:
• Click Validate to validate the model
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• Applying load:
• Go load -> Load case and add wind load, seismic load and crane
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• Go to combination -> Generate and select the following settings
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• Click finish.
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• Dead load calculation:
• Open EXCEL and enter the value and do the calculation as follows.
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• Applying dead load:

• In TSD, Go to Ground level select load as Dead in the drop down below.
• Go to Load -> Area load, enter value as 1.2 KN/m² in the property.
• Click on each slab

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• Follow the same procedure for other floors.
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• Using load -> line load the wall loading other the member area can be drawn
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• 3D view of dead load.
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• Go to GL and apply the brick loading by selecting load -> Full UDL and entering 15 KN/ m in the property window and select the member where wall comes and follow the same procedure for other floors.

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• Go to Roof beam level and give area load as dead load
• Go to 3D view and apply roof loading as line load of 1.5 KN/m^2.
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• Go to load -> Line load and enter the value and pick a reference node and draw brick loading line by referring the plan.
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• Go to First floor and follow the same procedure.
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• Live load as per IS 875 PART 2 TABLE-1:
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• Applying Live load:

• Open TSD steel building model.
• Go to Ground level
• Select the load as imposed load in the status drop down.
• Go to Load -> Area load and click on the slab.
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• Check the excel and enter the loading in the property window and follow the same procedure for the rest of the slabs.
• Toggle to 3D view and validate.

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• Ceiling loading:
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• Roof loading
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• Crane load calculation:

Generate calculation for 10T crane loading based on the following inputs.

• Centre to Centre of wheel = 14m
• Weight of crab = 40 KN
• Number of wheels = 4
• Wheel base = 2m

• The approximate minimum approach of the hook to gantry girder = 1m
• Crane capacity = 10T=10000kg= 100KN
• No of wheels on each side = 2
• Span of Gantry girder, c/c distance between 2 columns = 6m

Maximum wheel load

• Maximum concentrated load on crane =Crane capacity + Crab weight =100 +40 = 140 KN.
• Self-weight of Crane=60 KN.
• UDL on crane =60/14 = 4.3 KN/m
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• Ra +Rb = 140 + (4.3*14) =200KN
• Taking moment on b,
• (Ra*14) – (140*13) – (4.3 *14*7) =0
• Ra = 160KN
• Rb =200 – 160=40KN
• Taking max reaction, Static wheel load= 160KN.
• This load is shared by 2 wheels, so 160/ 2 = 80 KN
• Adding 25 % of impact = 80 *1.25= 100 KN
• Factored load = 100 * 1.5 = 150 KN

Maximum Bending moment:

• Assume Self weight of the gantry girder = 1.6 KN/m
• Self-weight of the Rail= 0.4 KN/m
• Total UDL = (Self – weight of rail+ self-weight of gantry girder) = 1.6 +0.4=2 KN/m.
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• Ra +Rb = (150 *2) + (2* 6) = 312 KN
• Moment at B =0
• (Ra*6) – (150 * 2) – ( 150 * 4) – ( 2 *6* 6/2) = 0
• Ra = 131 KN
• Rb = 181 KN
• Max BM at a = (131*2.5)-(2*2.5^2/2)=321.25 KNm

Maximum shear force in gantry girder:

• For the maximum SF in gantry girder, one of the wheel loads have to be placed on the support.
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• Moment at B= 0
• (6* Ra ) –( 150 *6) –( 150 *4) –( 2*6^2/2)=0
• Ra = 256 KN
• The maximum shear force due to wheel load is 256KN

Lateral force:

• Surge load along y = 10% of (crane capacity + crab load) = 0.1 * (100+40) =14KN
• This load is shared by 4 wheels = 14/4 = 3.5 KN
• Brake load along X = 5% of static wheel load = 0.05 * 160= 8 KN
• In TSD,go to crane level and select point load under member load panel.
• In property window select load type as nodal load
• Give the value of X as 8, y as 14 and 256 KN
• Select load case as crane in the drop down below.
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• For wind load calculation:
• Refer code IS 875 Part-3 2015 for,
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• For K_1,
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• For k_2,
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• K₂ factor is,
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• For k_3,
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• For k_4,
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• Internal pressure coefficient- 7.3.2.2
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• For external co-efficient, Refer Table 5
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• With the above reference, Enter the value in excel for calculation.
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• Roof loading calculation:
• Refer code IS 875 part 3
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• In TSD, go to load -> load case and add x and y direction for +cpi and -cpi
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• Click ok

• Y- direction:
• Select the load case, Wind +Y +Cpi in status bar and go to 3D view.
• Go to load -> Area load and select below property in property window and select the wall panel in face A.
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• Go to face B and apply load as mentioned in the table.
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• Go to face C and apply load as mentioned in the table
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• Go to face D and apply load as mentioned in the table
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• Follow the same procedure for +Y – Cpi and choose the -cpi value

• Select the load case, Wind +Y -Cpi in status bar and go to 3D view.
• Go to load -> Area load and select below property in property window and select the wall panel A as wind ward.
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• Apply rest of the load on all 4 sides.
• For -y +Cpi take wind ward side as B as A this time and apply the value
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• For -Y -Cpi,
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• For +X +Cpi take C as wind ward side and apply the highest value as per the table.
• D as wee ward side and A,B remains the same.
• Now apply value on all 4 sides. Take the +Cpi value.
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• For +X – Cpi, take -Cpi value
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• For -X + Cpi, take D as wind ward side and c as wee ward side and apply the value on 4 sides.
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• For -X – Cpi, same procedure and take -Cpi Value
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• On roof:
• For +Y +Cpi, take EF as wind ward side and apply the maximum +cpi value and also apply other values on GH side.
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• For +Y -Cpi,Now take -Cpi vale on EF side
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• For -Y +Cpi, apply GH as wind ward side.
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• For -Y -Cpi, take -Cpi value
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• Select +X +Cpi , take wind ward side as EG and FH as wee ward side and apply the load
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• Same procedure for +X -Cpi and choose the -Cpi values from the calculation
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• For -X +Cpi, take FH as wind ward side
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• For -X -Cpi
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• Seismic loads:
• Select seismic load -> Seismic wizard and select the following setting
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• Click finish
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• Click finish
• Go to Load -> load combination-> Combination and select the following settings.
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• Click ok
• Run the analysis:
• Click analysis-> first order linear.
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• In scene content switch off all members other than column.
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• Right click on the member and select static and find the error.
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• Double click on the member and replace the member with proper size.
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• Similarly check the member and resize it.
• Go to first floor and check the beam as same procedure
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• Go to other floor and check the beams and do the same procedure to pass the member
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• Like wise check all the member
• Change size and provide extra bracing if required
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• Do the slab check, select the following icon selected below.
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• Do the same procedure for all other slab levels.
• Footing:
• Go to base level
• Go to foundation -> Pad base column and select all the pedestal.
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• Results:
• Run the analysis.
• Deflection:
• click results -> deflection.
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• Reactions:
• Go to Base level and select the icon highlighted.
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• Moment major:
• Go to any frame level and select moment major in the drop down.
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• Shear major:
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• Hence the above result of steel building is modeled, analyzed and designed as per the code in TEKLA structural designer